A Bahá'í Glossary
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Bahá'í Chronology - The Ministry of Bahá'u'lláh - 25 B.E. (A.D. 1868-1869)
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< 24 B.E. | 26 B.E. >
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[ 28 Articles ]
• Bahá / Jamál 25 B.E.
• Dhū al-Ḥijjah  A.H. 1284 / Muḥarram
   A.H. 1285
• April A.D. 1868
• Nissan / Iyar A.M. 5628
Seven Bahá'ís in Constantinople are arrested and interrogated by a commission of inquiry whose mandate it is to verify the claims of Bahá'u'lláh and Mírzá Yaḥyá. [BKG250–2; GPB179; MF99–100 RB2:3289]
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• Jamál / `Aẓamat 25 B.E.
• Muḥarram / Ṣafar A.H. 1285
• May A.D. 1868
• Iyar /Sivan A.M. 5628
Bahá'u'lláh sends Nabíl-i-A`zam to Cairo to enquire after Ḥájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí. He is thrown into prison and befriends a Christian cellmate, Fáris Effendi, who soon becomes a Bahá'í. [BKG248, 265–6; EB268; GPB178]
  • See BKG265–8 for an account of Nabíl's arrest and imprisonment.
  • Fáris Effendi is probably the first Christian to become a Bahá'í. [RB3:10]
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• c. Jamál 3 Núr 25 B.E.
• c, Yawm al-Aḥad 15 Ṣafar  A.H. 1285
• c, Sunday 7 June A.D. 1868
• c. Yom Rishon 17 Sivan  A.M. 5628
Nabíl has a dream in which Bahá'u'lláh appears to him in his cell and assures him that he will have reason to rejoice within the next 81 days. [BKG267]
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• c. Ráḥmat / Kalimát 25 B.E.
• c. Rabī' al-awwal / Rabī' ath-thānī 
        A.H. 1285
• c. July A.D. 1868
• c. Tammuz / Av A.M. 5628
Principal Bahá'ís in Bag̲h̲dád are arrested by the Turkish authorities and exiled to Mosul and other places. RB2:333 indicates this took place towards the end of Bahá'u'lláh's stay in Adrianople.[BBR265; BKG247; CH129–30; RB2:333]
  • About 70 people are exiled. [GPB178; RB2:334] Estimate given by Ḥájí Mirzá Haydar-;Alí is 80. (DOH12]
  • See BKG184 for an illustration of Mosul.
  • See BKG183 for a description of the city.
  • See RB2:334 for the hardships suffered by the exiles.
  • They remained in Mosul for some 20 years until Bahá'u'lláh advised the community to disband (1885-1886). Their hardship was lessened by generous contributions from the King of Martyrs and the Beloved of Martyrs. A charity fund was established, the first fund of that kind in any Bahá'í community. [RB2:334–6]
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• c. Fidál 9 Kalimát 25 B.E.
• c. Yawm ath-Thulāthā' 30 Rabī' al-awwal
       A.H. 1285
• c. Tuesday 21 July A.D. 1868
• c. Yom Shlishi 2 Av  A.M. 5628
Mírzá Abu'l-Qásim-i-S̲h̲írází is arrested in Egypt and money extorted from him. [BBR257–8; BKG243; GPB178]
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• Jamál 14 Kalimát 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Aḥad 5 Rabī' ath-thānī
   A.H. 1285
• Sunday 26 July A.D. 1868
• Yom Rishon 7 Av  A.M. 5628
Sultán `Abdu'l-`Azíz issues a firmán condemning Bahá'u'lláh to perpetual banishment. [BKG283–4; GPB179, 186; RB2:401–2]
  • See RB2:402 for a list of those included in the edict.
  • BKG261, GPB181 and RB2:403 indicate that it was not until the party reached Gallipoli that they were informed that their ultimate destination was `Akká.
  • BBD40 says that it was because of the disloyal Mírzá Yaḥyá's plotting against Bahá`u`lláh that the Turkish authorities condemned Him to perpetual imprisonment in `Akká.
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• Kamál / Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Rabī' ath-thānī / Jumādá al-ūlá A.H. 1285
• August A.D. 1868
• Av / Elul A.M. 5628
One morning without warning Bahá'u'lláh's house is surrounded by soldiers. The inhabitants are rounded up and taken to government headquarters. They are told to make ready for their departure for Gallipoli. [BKG255; GPB179; RB2:403]
  • The party was given three days to prepare for the journey. It it had been rumoured that they were to be separated, Bahá'u'lláh to one place, 'Abdu'l-Bahá to another and the friends to still another place. [CH62]
  • One of the companions, Karilá'í Ja'far was so grieved by the threatened separation that he attempted to kill himself. He was prevented from do so but was too ill to travel. Bahá'u'lláh refused to leave until the Governor in Adrianople made a promise to care for him until he was well enough to travel. He joined the friends in 'Akká forty days after their arrival. [CH62]
  • The Consuls of European powers offer assistance to Bahá'u'lláh and are prepared to ask the intervention of their governments. Bahá'u'lláh refuses these offers. [BKG255, 257–8]
  • Western accounts of this incident suggest that Bahá`u`lláh asked for such assistance. [BBR187–91]
  • The next day the goods of the Bahá'ís are sold or auctioned for very low prices. [BKG255, 258]
  • Group and individual photographs are taken of the Bahá'í and Azalí exiles in Adrianople, including one of Bahá'u'lláh.
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• Kamál / Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Rabī' ath-thānī / Jumādá al-ūlá A.H. 1285
• August A.D. 1868
• Av / Elul A.M. 5628
Mullá Muḥammad-Ridá, Ridá'r-Rúh is poisoned in Yazd. [BW18:383]
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• 'Idál 12 Kamál 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Arba'ā' 22 Rabī' ath-thānī
   A.H. 1285
• Wednesday 12 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Reviʻi 24 Av  A.M. 5628
Bahá'u'lláh, His family and companions, escorted by soldiers, set out for Gallipoli. [BKG260; GPB180; RB2:409]
  • En route they pass through the villages of Uzún-Kuprí and Kás̲h̲ánih. [The Bahá'í Faith 1844-1953 :Information Statistical & Comparative p44]
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• Jalál 15 Kamál 25 B.E.
• Yawm as-Sabt 25 Rabī' ath-thānī
   A.H. 1285
• Saturday 15 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Shabbat 27 Av  A.M. 5628
The Bahá'ís imprisoned in Constantinople arrive in Gallipoli to be exiled with Bahá'u'lláh's party. [BKG260]
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• Jamál 16 Kamál 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Aḥad 26 Rabī' ath-thānī
   A.H. 1285
• Sunday 16 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Rishon 28 Av  A.M. 5628
They arrive in Gallipoli on the fifth day. [BKG260]
  • GPB180 says it was a four-day journey. CH62 says it took three days of travel by cart and wagon.
  • They remain there for three nights. CH62 says they remained there for a week awaiting replies to telegrams that had been sent to Constantinople. [BKG263; GPB181]
  • BKG261 says they were there for `a few days'.
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• Istiqlál 2 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Jum'ah 2 Jumādá al-ūlá
   A.H. 1285
• Friday 21 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Shishi 3 Elul A.M. 5628
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions leave Gallipoli on an Austrian-Lloyd steamer. CH62 says it was a Turkish boat. [BKG263; GPB182; RB2:411]
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• Istiqlál 3 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Jum'ah 3 Jumādá al-ūlá
   A.H. 1285
• Friday 22 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Shishi 4 Elul A.M. 5628
Soon after sunrise the ship arrives at Smyrna. [BKG264]
  • It stays for two days. [BKG264; GPB182]
  • The illness of Mírzá Áqáy-i-Kás̲h̲ání (Jináb-i-Muníb) necessitates his removal to the hospital. He dies before 'Abdu'l-Bahá and Mírzá Musá can return to the ship. 'Abdu'l-Bahá makes arrangements with the local funeral director. They hold a simple funeral and burial takes place in Izmír. [CH65, BKG264–5; GPB182]
  • This young and vibrant man arrived in Baghdad before the exile and travelled with the party holding the bridle of the horse of Bahá'u'lláh the whole route, often with 'Abdu'l-Bahá on the other side. When the party reached Constantinople he was instructed to go on teaching trip to Persia and to Iraq, a long and an arduous tour. He rejoined the group in Adrianople just prior to the exile and he was in precarious condition but begged Bahá'u'lláh for permission to be included. It is reported in FAA21 that he died two or three days after the departure of the ship.
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• Istiqlál 4 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Jum'ah 4 Jumādá al-ūlá
   A.H. 1285
• Friday 23 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Shishi 5 Elul A.M. 5628
The steamer leaves Smyrna at night for Alexandria, which she gains on a morning two days later. [BKG265]
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• 'Idál 7 / Istijlál 8 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Arba'ā' 7 / Yawm al-Khamīs 8
   Jumādá al-ūlá  A.H. 1285
• Wednesday 26 / Thursday 27 August
   A.D. 1868
• Yom Reviʻi 8 / Yom Chamishi 9 Elul
   A.M. 5628
The steamer carrying Bahá'u'lláh docks at Alexandria, early in the morning. [BKG265; RB3:6]
  • The exiles change ships, again onto an Austrian-Lloyd ship. [BKG265]
  • Several exiles go ashore to make purchases. One passes by the prison house where Nabíl is detained. Nabíl, watching from the roof of his prison cell, recognizes him. [CH65, BKG265, 267; RB3:6]
  • Nabíl and Fáris Effendi write letters to Bahá'u'lláh which are delivered by a Christian youth. The youth returns with a Tablet from Bahá'u'lláh and gifts from `Abdu'l-Bahá and Mírzá Mihdí. [BKG267–8; RB3:6–7]
  • The ship bearing Bahá'u'lláh and the exiles leaves Alexandria for Port Said. [BKG268]
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• Jalál 10 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm as-Sabt 10 Jumādá al-ūlá
   A.H. 1285
• Saturday 29 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Shabbat 11 Elul A.M. 5628
In the morning the ship arrives in Port Said. At nightfall it travels on to Jaffa. [BKG268]
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• Jamál 11 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Aḥad 11 Jumādá al-ūlá
   A.H. 1285
• Sunday 30 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Rishon 12 Elul A.M. 5628
The ship arrives at Jaffa at sunset. At midnight the ship leaves for Haifa. [BKG168]
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• Kamál 12 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Ithnayn 12 Jumādá al-ūlá
   A.H. 1285
• Monday 31 August A.D. 1868
• Yom Sheni 13 Elul A.M. 5628
The ship arrives in Haifa in the early morning. [BKG269; GPB182; RB3:11]
  • Bahá'u'lláh and His companions — 70 in all — disembark and are taken ashore in sailing boats. [RB3:11]
  • One of the Bahá'ís, Áqá `Abdu'l-G̲h̲affár, one of the four companions condemned to share the exile of Mírzá Yaḥyá, throws himself into the sea when he learns he is to be separated from Bahá'u'lláh. [BKG269; GPB182]
A few hours later Bahá'u'lláh's party is put aboard a sailing vessel and taken to `Akká. [RB3:12] The exiles land in `Akká to begin a confinement in the citadel that is to last two years, two months and five days. [CH67, BBR205; BKG169; DH12; RB3:11]
  • See BKG277–9 for a list of the exiles. Two others joined them immediately after arrival. [BBR205]
  • See BR205–6 for `Abdu'l-Bahá's account of the journey of exile.
  • See RB32:2 and RB3:21 for prophecies regarding Bahá'u'lláh's exile to `Akká.
  • DH17–24 for a history of `Akká before the arrival of Bahá'u'lláh.
  • See DH26–8 and GPB186–7 for a description of the exiles' walk to the prison.
  • See GPB186–7 for Bahá'u'lláh's description of the citadel and the conditions there on His arrival.
  • See BKG275–7 for Áqá Ridá's description of the citadel and the conditions there.
  • See DH30–1 for a description of the citadel building and the accommodation used by Bahá'u'lláh.
  • The first night the exiles are refused both food and drink. [GPB187]
  • Afterwards each prisoner is allocated three loaves of stale black bread as a daily food ration plus filthy water. [GBP187]
  • Within two days all fell ill with typhoid but for two, 'Abdu'l-Bahá and another man who was able to help Him nurse and care for the others. [CH234]
  • Three of the exiles die soon after arrival. Soon after their death Bahá'u'lláh reveals the Lawḥ-i-Ra'ís, the second Tablet to `Alí Páshá. [BKG283; GPB187; RB3:20, 34]
  • See BKG317–21 and CH250–1 for the story of the Azalís who were confined to `Akká with the exiles.
  • See BBRSM69–70 for details on the system of communications used between the Holy Land and the Bahá'í communities.
  • At first the Governor was disinclined to relax the strict rules of the exiles but eventually allowed Mírzá Ja'far to go into town, accompanied by a soldier, to purchase food. 'Abdu'l-Bahá had sent Mírzá 'bdu'l-Ahad ahead some time before with instructions to open a shop. It was six months before the exiles could make contact with him. During this time a Greek, Dr. Petro, became a friend and, after having made investigations, assured the Governor that the exiles were not criminals. [CH67]
  • The King of Martyrs and his brother The Beloved of Martyrs were the first to make contact with the exiles by telegraph. They were able to provide much need assistance. [CH67]
  • After the restrictions had been relaxed somewhat S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ Salmán was able to function as a courier carrying Tablets and letter to and from Persia. When he was arrested in Aleppo, carrying a most important supplication from a friend in Persia to Bahá'u'lláh, he swallowed the letter to avoid detection. [CH67-68]
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• Istijlál 15 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Khamīs 15 Jumādá al-ūlá
   A.H. 1285
• Thursday 3 September A.D. 1868
• Yom Chamishi 16 Elul A.M. 5628
The firmán of the Sultán `Abdu'l-`Azíz condemning Bahá'u'lláh to life imprisonment is read out in the Mosque of Al-Jazzár. [BKG284–5; GPB186; RB3:18]
  • See CH64, BKG283–4, 286; GBP186, RB2:402 and RB3:18 for the terms of the edict. They were labelled as malefactors, sowers of sedition, hardened criminals, enemies of the pure religion of God and of man. The faithful were commanded to shun these outcasts. All of those that did a disservice to the captives might flatter themselves that they "did service to God".
  • See RB3:18–19 for `Abdu'l-Bahá's response.
  • See BKG283–8, RB3:19-20 for conditions of life in the barracks.
  • The local authorities and the clerics did their part to stir up the populus against the exiles. See DH197 and CH239-242 for the story of a man who made an attempt on the life of Bahá'u'lláh.
  • From this time forward Bahá'u'lláh met only with His
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• Jalál 17 Asmá' 25 B.E.
• Yawm as-Sabt 17 Jumādá al-ūlá
   A.H. 1285
• Saturday 5 September A.D. 1868
• Yom Shabbat 18 Elul A.M. 5628
Mírzá Yaḥyá arrives with his entire family but without a single disciple or even a servant. [BBR306]
  • Also exiled to Cyprus were four loyal Bahá'ís and they were:
      Mishkín-Qalam (Áqá Hussain Isfahání)
      Mirzá ‘Alíy-i-Sayyáh-i-Maraghih'í (Mullá Ádí-Guzal)
      Áqá ‘Abdu'l-Ghaffár
      Áqá Muḥammad-Báqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallátí) (coffee-maker)
  • With their arrival Cyprus becomes the first island in the Mediterranean to receive the Faith.
  • See also GPB 182 and AB285, 523.
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• c. Mashíyyat / `Ilm 25 B.E.
• c. Jumādá al-ākhirah /Rajab A.H. 1285
• c. October A.D. 1868
• c. Tishri / Cheshvan A.M. 5629
Nabíl is released from prison in Egypt and departs for `Akká. [BKG290–1; RB3:57]
  • He visits Cyprus on the way. [BKG291]
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• Istiqlál 15 `Ilm 25 B.E.
• Yawm al-Jum'ah 13 Rajab  A.H. 1285
• Friday 30 October A.D. 1868
• Yom Shishi 14 Cheshvan  A.M. 5629
Christoph Hoffman, founder of the Templers, and Georg David Hardegg, his principal lieutenant, land in Haifa. Hardegg remains in Haifa to head the colony, while Hoffman goes to Jaffa to found a colony there. [BBD224; BBR204, 2 15–16; DH133]
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• end Mashíyyat / `Ilm 25 B.E.
• end Jumādá al-ākhirah /Rajab A.H. 1285
• end October A.D. 1868
• end Tishri / Cheshvan A.M. 5629
Nabíl enters `Akká in disguise but is recognized and after three days is thrown out of the city. [BKG290–1; GPB188; RB3:57]
  • He spends the next four months wandering about Haifa, Mount Carmel and the Galilee waiting for another opportunity to enter `Akká. He lived for a time in the cave of Elijah on Mount Carmel. He would walk the 10 miles to the vantage point outside of the citadel where he might, on rare occasion, see the hand of Bahá'u'lláh waving from the small middle window.[BKG290–1; RB3:57, CH68]
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• 25 / 28 B.E.
• A.H. 1285 / 1288
• A.D. 1869 / 1872
• A.M. 5629 / 5632
A great famine occurs in Iran in which about 10 per cent of the population dies and a further 10 per cent emigrates. [BBRSM86; GPB233]
__________ __________
• Late in the year 25 B.E.
• Late in the year A.H. 1285
• Early in the year A.D. 1869
• Early in the year A.M. 5629
Ḥájí Amín-i-Iláhí arrives in `Akká from Iran and is the first pilgrim to see Bahá'u'lláh. [DH33]
  • He is 'only able to do so in the public bath, where it had been arranged that he should see Bahá'u'lláh without approaching Him or giving any sign of recognition'. This is the bath of Al-Jazzár. [DH33; GBP817]
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• In the year 25 / 26 B.E.
• In the year A.H. 1285 / 1286
• In the year A.D. 1869
• In the year A.M. 5629 / 5630
Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, makes a pilgrimage to Jerusalem but fails to enquire after Bahá'u'lláh. [KAN116]
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• In the year 25 / 26 B.E.
• In the year A.H. 1285 / 1286
• In the year A.D. 1869
• In the year A.M. 5629 / 5630
The 17-year-old Áqá Buzurg-i-Nís̲h̲ápúrí, Badí`, arrives in `Akká having walked from Mosul. He is able to enter the city unsuspected. [BKG297; RB3:178] Badí` sees `Abdu'l-Bahá in a mosque and is able to write a note to Him. The same night Badí` enters the citadel and goes into the presence of Bahá'u'lláh. He meets Bahá'u'lláh twice. [BKG297; RB3:179]

"Bahá'u'lláh's lengthiest epistle to any single sovereign" -- Lawḥ-i-Sulṭán, (the Tablet to Náṣiri'd-Dín Sháh) Of the various writings that make up the Súriy-i-Haykal, one requires particular mention. The Lawḥ-i-Sulṭán, the Tablet to Náṣiri'd-Dín Sháh, Bahá'u'lláh's lengthiest epistle to any single sovereign, was revealed in the weeks immediately preceding His final banishment to ‘Akká. It was eventually delivered to the monarch by Badí‘, a youth of seventeen, who had entreated Bahá'u'lláh for the honour of rendering some service. His efforts won him the crown of martyrdom and immortalized his name. The Tablet contains the celebrated passage describing the circumstances in which the divine call was communicated to Bahá'u'lláh and the effect it produced. Here, too, we find His unequivocal offer to meet with the Muslim clergy, in the presence of the Sháh, and to provide whatever proofs of the new Revelation they might consider to be definitive, a test of spiritual integrity significantly failed by those who claimed to be the authoritative trustees of the message of the Qur'án. - The Universal House of Justice (Introduction to ‘The Summons of the Lord of Hosts')

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• Sulṭán / Ayyám-i-Há 25 B.E.
• Shawwāl / Dhū al-Qa'dah A.H. 1285
• February A.D. 1869
• Shevat / Adar A.M. 5629
Nabíl makes a second attempt to enter `Akká. He is able to remain for 81 days and meets Mírzá Áqá Ján and others but does not see Bahá'u'lláh. [BKG291; RB3:57]
  • DH35 says Nabíl spent 81 days in the citadel from 21 March to 9 June 1870.
 
[ABBC Online] [ABBC 79-89]
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< 24 B.E. | 26 B.E. >
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Most of the Gregorian Calendar dates, A.H. 1166 (A.D. 1753) to 153 B.E (A.D. 1996), are from the original book, A Basic Bahá'í Chronology. From 153 B.E (A.D. 1996) to present the Gregorian Calendar dates are from A Basic Bahá'í Chronology online. The Hebrew, Islamic and Bahá'í dates were calculated by the ABG staff and may be subject to error, despite the great care that was taken. When the Gregorian date is "In the year", "c. Mar 1797", etc., we list the nearest approximate Hebrew, Islamic and Bahá'í dates.
 
Notes:
  • The dates in the left column do not always match the dates in the text. This is due to the plethora of calculations and calculators available. We use the calendar conversions from Calendar Home - Convert a date.
  • Continuous time periods, e.g., Monday thru Friday or June thru August, are annotated as Monday / Friday and June / August rather than Monday-Friday and June-August in all four calendars. This is to avoid confusion with Islamic days and months which contain a hyphen (or dash), e.g. Yawm ath-Thulatha', Jumadá al-akhirah.
  • Date Format = Day of the Week Name, Day of the Month Number, Month Name, Year Number -
  • c. = circa - meaning: "Around, round about, about. The prep. is often used in Eng. with dates, as circa 1400 (c 1400)." (Oxford English Dictionary)
  • Items with a greenish background are publications 
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© 156 - 181 B.E. (A.H. 1419 - 1445; A.D. 1999 - 2024; A.M. 5759 - 5784)
A Bahá'í Glossary
 
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