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Diacritic Guide Diacritic Definition Diacritic and Special Character Keystrokes Diacritic Characters Used in Bahá'í Writings Underscored Letters Under Dot Letters Acute Accents Characters Diacritic marks used in this Glossary which originated from languages other than Arabic or Farsi (Persian) Other Common Diacritic Characters Special Characters Diacritic A diacritic is a a mark near or through an orthographic or phonetic character or combination of characters indicating a phonetic value different from that given the unmarked or otherwise marked element. [ OTHER 1 ] Diacritic and Special Character Keystrokes To help write articles with quotes from the Bahá'í Writings containing words which have have been transliterated from Persian or Arabic (like Bahá'í) and contain letters with diacritic characters, the list of Diacritic Characters Used in Bahá'í Writings may prove useful. Other Common Diacritic Characters and Special Characters are listed below. Many of these will be useful in various writing projects, such as a résumé.  TOP  Diacritic Characters Used in Bahá'í Writings Letters with Underscore Letters with Under Dot Letters with Acute Accent C̲h̲ c̲h̲ D̲h̲ d̲h̲ G̲h̲ g̲h̲ K̲h̲ k̲h̲ S̲h̲ s̲h̲ T̲h̲ t̲h̲ Z̲h̲ z̲h̲ Ḍ ḍ Ḥ ḥ Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ Ẓ ẓ Á á Í í Ú ú   The underscored letters are the easiest. In most applications just select (highlight) the letters and type Ctrl+u. In HTML, it gets a bit tricky when you are making a link as well as underscoring. The tags can easily get intermixed and creates a mess. Just look at the code and it is easy to sort it all out. There is another way to deal with the underscored letters. Place the Unicode ̲ behind each character in the source code. Below is a chart from which you can copy and paste. Character C̲h̲ D̲h̲ G̲h̲ K̲h̲ Unicode C̲h̲ D̲h̲ G̲h̲ K̲h̲ Character c̲h̲ d̲h̲ g̲h̲ k̲h̲ Unicode c̲h̲ d̲h̲ g̲h̲ k̲h̲ Character S̲h̲ T̲h̲ Z̲h̲ Unicode S̲h̲ T̲h̲ Z̲h̲ Character s̲h̲ t̲h̲ z̲h̲ Unicode s̲h̲ t̲h̲ z̲h̲  TOP  Under dot characters are weird. In MS Word simply type the letter then type Alt+0803. This does NOT work in WordPerfect, Excel, Notepad, DreamWeaver or Gmail. What does work is copy and paste in everything but WordPerfect which gives you #¸ instead of ḍ. If you have a current version of any of these applications, please try the Alt+0803 to see if it works. I am running WordPerfect 2021 and Dreamweaver CS3 - 2007 vintage. The best method for HTML is to use the Unicode Encoding. Below are the Unicodes to use for the dot below characters. The easiest way to enter them is to copy and paste them in code view. If you type in the code, the & turns into & before you can get the #x typed. Then you have to go back and delete the 'amp' or the code will not work. As if you didn't know. All the characters are enlarged to make the details more visible. Character Ḍ Ḥ Ṣ Ṭ Ẓ Unicode Ḍ Ḥ Ṣ Ṭ Ẓ Character ḍ ḥ ṣ ṭ ẓ Unicode ḍ ḥ ṣ ṭ ẓ  TOP  For the Acute Accent Characters, the tables below show the applications in which the keystrokes work and then the keystrokes. Application / Format Filename Extension MS Word .doc, .docx WordPerfect .wpd Wordpad .txt, .rtf, .doc Notepad .txt Rich Text Format .rtf MS Excel .xls, .xlsx Adobe Acrobat Reader .pdf Hyper Text Markup Language .htm, .html Vowel Description Keystrokes Unicode Á Latin Capital Letter A with Acute Alt+0193 Á Í Latin Capital Letter I with Acute Alt+0205 Í Ú Latin Capital Letter U with Acute Alt+0218 Ú á Latin Small Letter A with Acute Alt+0225 á í Latin Small Letter I with Acute Alt+0237 í ú Latin Small Letter U with Acute Alt+0250 ú   The characters usually copy and paste cross-format as well. However, they do NOT travel well in the text or subject of an email. For reasons beyond the ken of mortal mind, most email servers turn diacritic characters into cartoon cursing. If you need to use these characters in an email, you are better off putting the message into a document (any above format) and attaching it to an email. Using these keystrokes will help insure that your article will look the same online, and downloaded in a .pdf file as it does in your original document. The characters are part of the Extended ASCII Standard.  TOP  Diacritic marks used in this Glossary which originated from languages other than Arabic or Farsi (Persian): Description Letters Pronunciation Latin Letters with Acute Á á Í í Ú ú See: Pronunciation Guide or Wikipedia Acute Accent Latin Letters with Cedilla Ç ç Ţ ţ See: Wikipedia Cedilla Latin Letters with Diaeresis Ä ä Ë ë Ï ï Ö ö Ü ü   Latin Letter Eth ᴆ ð t̲h̲ as in then, either, this (IPA [ð]) Latin Letter Ligatures Æ æ Ǣ ǣ Ǽ ǽ See: Wikipedia Æ  TOP  Other Common Diacritic Characters Diacritic Character Description Keystrokes Unicode À Latin Capital Letter A with Grave Alt+0192 À Á Latin Capital Letter A with Acute Alt+0193 Á  Latin Capital Letter A with Circumflex Alt+0194  à Latin Capital Letter A with Tilde Alt+0195 Ã Ä Latin Capital Letter A with Diaeresis Alt+0196 Ä Å Latin Capital Letter A with Ring Above Alt+0197 Å Æ Latin Capital Letter AE Alt+0198 Æ Ǣ Latin Capital Letter AE with Macron   Ǣ Ǽ Latin Capital Letter AE with Acute   Ǽ Ç Latin Capital Letter C with Cedilla   Ç È Latin Capital Letter E with Grave Alt+0200 È É Latin Capital Letter E with Acute Alt+0201 É Ê Latin Capital Letter E with Circumflex Alt+0202 Ê Ë Latin Capital Letter E with Diaeresis Alt+0203 Ë ᴆ Latin Capital Letter Eth   ᴆ Ì Latin Capital Letter I with Grave Alt+0204 Ì Í Latin Capital Letter I with Acute Alt+0205 Í Î Latin Capital Letter I with Circumflex Alt+0206 Î Ï Latin Capital Letter I with Diaeresis Alt+0207 Ï Ñ Latin Capital Letter N with Tilde Alt+0209 Ñ Ò Latin Capital Letter O with Grave Alt+0210 Ò Ó Latin Capital Letter O with Acute Alt+0211 Ó Ô Latin Capital Letter O with Circumflex Alt+0212 Ô Õ Latin Capital Letter O with Tilde Alt+0213 Õ Ö Latin Capital Letter O with Diaeresis Alt+0214 Ö Œ Latin Capital Letter OE   Œ ẞ Latin Capital Letter Sharp S   ẞ Ţ Latin Capital Letter T with Cedilla   Ţ Ù Latin Capital Letter U with Grave Alt+0217 Ù Ú Latin Capital Letter U with Acute Alt+0218 Ú Û Latin Capital Letter U with Circumflex Alt+0219 Û Ü Latin Capital Letter U with Diaeresis Alt+0220 Ü Ý Latin Capital Letter Y with Acute Alt+0221 Ý à Latin Small Letter A with Grave Alt+0224 à á Latin Small Letter A with Acute Alt+0225 á â Latin Small Letter A with Circumflex Alt+0226 â ã Latin Small Letter A with Tilde Alt+0227 ã ä Latin Small Letter A with Diaeresis Alt+0228 ä å Latin Small Letter A with Ring Above Alt+0229 å æ Latin Small Letter ae Alt+0230 æ ǣ Latin Small Letter ae with Macron   ǣ ǽ Latin Small Letter ae with Acute   ǽ ç Latin Small Letter C with Cedilla   ç è Latin Small Letter E with Grave Alt+0232 è é Latin Small Letter E with Acute Alt+0233 é ê Latin Small Letter E with Circumflex Alt+0234 ê ë Latin Small Letter E with Diaeresis Alt+0235 ë ð Latin Small Letter Eth In code ð ì Latin Small Letter I with Grave Alt+0236 ì í Latin Small Letter I with Acute Alt+0237 í î Latin Small Letter I with Circumflex Alt+0238 î ï Latin Small Letter I with Diaeresis Alt+0239 ï ñ Latin Small Letter N with Tilde Alt+0241 ñ ò Latin Small Letter O with Grave Alt+0242 ò ó Latin Small Letter O with Acute Alt+0243 ó ô Latin Small Letter O with Circumflex Alt+0244 ô õ Latin Small Letter O with Tilde Alt+0245 õ ö Latin Small Letter O with Diaeresis Alt+0246 ö œ Latin Small Letter Oe   œ ţ Latin Small Letter T with Cedilla   ţ ß Latin Small Letter Sharp S   ß ù Latin Small Letter U with Grave Alt+0249 ù ú Latin Small Letter U with Acute Alt+0250 ú û Latin Small Letter U with Circumflex Alt+0251 û ü Latin Small Letter U with Diaeresis Alt+0252 ü ý Latin Small Letter Y with Acute Alt+0253 ý ÿ Latin Small Letter Y with Diaeresis Alt+0255 ÿ  TOP  Special Characters Special Character Description Keystrokes Unicode Usage @ At sign   @ you@email.com € Euro Sign Alt+0128 € Symbol for European currency. ƒ Latin Small Letter F with Hook Alt+0131 ƒ Used to indicate "Formula" in mathematics. … Ellipsis Alt+0133 … Used to show the omission of words in a sentence † Dagger Alt+0134 † Used to indicate a footnote. ‡ Double Dagger Alt+0135 ‡ Used to indicate another footnote. ˆ Circumflex Accent Alt+0136 ˆ Diacritic. ‰ Per Mille Alt+0137 ‰ Parts per thousand ‹ Single Guillemet or Left Angle Alt+0139 ‹ Used where the ‹ character (above the comma on keyboard) could be interpreted by a browser as a code tag. • Bullet Alt+0149 • Used in making unordered lists. – En dash Alt+0150 – Used where a hyphen or dash could be interpreted by a computer as a minus sign. — Em dash Alt+0151 — Used instead of a double hyphen or double dash. ˜ Small Tilde Alt+0152 ˜ Diacritic. ™ Trade Mark Alt+0153 ™ ™ Is a trade mark of A Bahá'í Glossary. › Single Guillemet or Right Angle Alt+0155 > Used where the > character (above the period on keyboard) could be interpreted by a browser as a code tag.   No-Break Space Alt+0160 ƒ Used to keep words or phrases on one line without wrapping. Used mostly in web pages. ¡ Inverted Exclamation Mark Alt+0161 ¡ Used at the beginning of an exclamatory sentence in Spanish. ¢ Cent Sign Alt+0162 ¢ This makes no ¢. £ Pound Sign Alt+0163 £ £64 question. § Section Sign   § She had a C§ © Copyright Alt+0169 © © 1999-2024 by A Bahá'í Glossary. « Double Guillemet or Left Angle Alt+0171 ª They went « that-a-way! ® Registered Alt+0174 ® ® Is a registered trade mark of A Bahá'í Glossary. ° Degree Sign Alt+0176 ° 98.6° ± Plus-Minus Sign Alt+0177 ± We have 2 dozen ± 3. (21 to 27) ¹ Superscript 1   ¹ Used for footnotes¹ ² Superscript 2, Square, Squared Alt+0178 ² πr². πrnot². πrround. Caker². ³ Superscript 3, Cubic, Cubed Alt+0179 ³ 27³ ft. = 1³ yd. ´ Acute Accent Alt+0180 ´ Diacritic. ¶ Pilcrow Sign, Paragraph Sign Alt+0182 ¶ To indicate a paragraph. · Middot Alt+0183 · Used in making unordered lists. » Double Guillemet or Right Angle Alt+0187 » They went » that-a-way! ¼ Vulgar Fraction One Quarter Alt+0188 ¼ Prettier than 1/4. ½ Vulgar Fraction One Half Alt+0189 ½ Prettier than 1/2. ¾ Vulgar Fraction Three Quarters Alt+0190 ¾ Prettier than 3/4. ⅐ Vulgar Fraction One Seventh ⅐ ⅐ Prettier than 1/7 ⅑ Vulgar Fraction One Ninth ⅑ ⅑ Prettier than 1/9 ⅒ Vulgar Fraction One Tenth ⅒ ⅒ Prettier than 1/10 ⅓ Vulgar Fraction One Third ⅓ ⅓ Prettier than 1/3 ⅔ Vulgar Fraction Two Thirds ⅔ ⅔ Prettier than 2/3 ⅕ Vulgar Fraction One Fifth ⅕ ⅕ Prettier than 1/5 ⅖ Vulgar Fraction Two Fifths ⅖ ⅖ Prettier than 2/5 ⅗ Vulgar Fraction Three Fifths ⅗ ⅗ Prettier than 2/5 ⅘ Vulgar Fraction Four Fifths ⅘ ⅘ Prettier than 4/5 ⅙ Vulgar Fraction One Sixth ⅙ ⅙ Prettier than 1/6 ⅚ Vulgar Fraction Five Sixths ⅚ ⅚ Prettier than 5/6 ⅛ Vulgar Fraction One Eighth ⅛ ⅛ Prettier than 1/8 ⅜ Vulgar Fraction Three Eighths ⅜ ⅜ Prettier than 3/8 ⅝ Vulgar Fraction Five Eighths ⅝ ⅝ Prettier than 5/8 ⅞ Vulgar Fraction Seven Eighths ⅞ ⅞ Prettier than 7/8 ⅟ Fraction Numerator One ⅟ ⅟ Prettier than 1/x ¿ Inverted Question Mark Alt+0191 ¿ Used at the beginning of an interrogatory sentence in Spanish. × Multiplication Sign Alt+0215 × Sometimes used instead of the *. ÷ Divide Sign Alt+0247 ÷ Sometimes used instead of the /. Ø Cipher, Zero   Ø Used when differentiating between O (oh) and 0 (zero) is essential ø Cipher, Zero Alt+0248 ø Used when differentiating between o (oh) and 0 (zero) is essential № Numero Sign Alt+8470 № Used instead of No. π Pi π 𝜋 πr². πrnot². πrround. Caker².

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