A Bahá'í Glossary - Bahá'í Chronology

Bahá'í Chronology - The Ministry of Bahá'u'lláh - 45 B.E. (A.D. 1888-1889)

	[ 4 Articles ]
• 45 B.E. • A.H. • 29 March A.D. 1888 • A.M.	The first lecture in the West on the Bahá'í Faith (`Bábism') is given by E. G. Browne at the Essay Society, Newcastle, England. [SCU12]
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• 45 B.E. • A.H. • c. July / August A.D. 1888 • A.M.	Two Bahá'ís are arrested in Sarvistán, Fárs, and are sent to S̲h̲íráz, where one is imprisoned. [BW18:383]
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• 45 B.E. • A.H. • 23 October A.D. 1888 • A.M.	The martyrdom of Mírzá As̲h̲raf of Ábádih in Isfahán. He is hanged, his body burnt and left hanging in the market. Later his body is buried beneath a wall. [BBRXXIX, 277–80; BW18:383; GPB201]
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• 45 B.E. • A.H. • In the year A.D. 1889 • A.M.	The passing of Mullá Sádiq-i-Muqaddas-i-K̲h̲urásání entitled by Bahá'u'lláh Ism'lláh'l-Asdaq (In the Name of God the Most Truthful) in Hamadán. He was born in Mashhad in 1800, the son of a cleric, around the beginning of the 19th century He furthered his own clerical studies in Karbila under the Shaykhi leader Sayyid Qasim Rashti, eventually gaining the rank of mujtahid, and becoming known by the honorific title Muqaddas (‘the holy one'). As a young man he had been a disciple of Siyyid Kázim and had met Siyyid 'Alí-Muḥammad in Karbilá. He was among the first believers who identified with the Message of the Báb. See DB100 and EB7 for the story of how he independently determined His identity when he met Mullá Ḥusayn in Isfahán on his way to deliver a tablet to Bahá'u'lláh in Tehran. The very next day he left Isfahán for S̲h̲íráz on foot arriving 12 days later to find that the Báb had already departed for pilgrimage. He took up residence in S̲h̲íráz and received a Tablet from the Báb instructing him to change the Call to Prayer. See DB146-148, EB13-14 for the story of how he endured over 900 strokes of the lash on the command of Ḥusayn K̲h̲án-i-Írva´ní, the Governor of the province of Fars, and remained indifferent to the pain. (6 August, 1845) He was expelled from the city and proceeded to Yazd. He had similar fate in that city and was banished. On the way to K̲h̲urásán he joined Mullá Ḥusayn and those who would participate in the Ṭabarsí siege where he was on hand for the death of Mullá Ḥusayn. (DB381) After the deception and massacre he was one of the few survivors and, as a prisoner, was taken to Mázindarán to be executed by the family Prince Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá who had commanded the royal troops and had been killed in battle. On route the party called on the clerics to interrogate him and his fellow Bábi and they became convinced that they were not heretics deserving of execution. The prisoners were to be sent to Tehran but escaped and made their way to Míhámí and eventually to Mas̲h̲ad. In 1861, after life in that city became impossible, he went to Bag̲h̲dád where he attained the presence of Bahá'u'lláh. After 14 months he returned to his native province of K̲h̲urásán. He continued in his audacious teaching and as a result was taken to Tehran where he was kept in the Síhåh-C̲h̲ál. He taught a number of fellow prisoners about the Promised One and converted Hakím Masíh, the Jewish physician assigned to attend to the prisoners. He was the first Bahá'í of Jewish background in Tehran (and was the grandfather of Lutfu'lláh Hakím, a former member of the Universal House of Justice.) After 28 months imprisonment he was pardoned but refuse to leave without his fellow prisoners. The S̲h̲áh released 40 of the 43 prisoners. (The remaining three were guilty of actual crimes.) After Tehran he went to K̲h̲urásán and returned to the capital some three years later to help in changing the hiding place of the remains of the Báb. Then he travelled to Kás̲h̲án, Isfahán and Yazd where he convinced some of the Afnáns to accept the truth of their Nephew's claims. After returning to K̲h̲urásán he was given permission to make a pilgrimage to 'Akká where he remained for some four months, returning by way of Mosul and Bag̲h̲dád. When he reached Hamadán he was exhausted. Twelve days after his arrival he passed. He had been the recipient of many tablets from Bahá'u'lláh including a Tablet of Visitation after his passing. One of the most well-know tablets was the Lawḥ-i-Ahbáb (Tablet of the Friends). It is thought He revealed this Tablet some time after leaving the barracks in 'Akká, about 1870-1871. [RoB3p258-260, List of the Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh] He was the father of Ibn-i-Asdaq who Bahá'u'lláh appointed a Hand of the Cause of God. [EB19] ‘Abdu'l-Baha posthumously referred to him as a Hand of the Cause of God. References [LoF32-41, MF5-8, DB381. EB7-23, BBR 69-70]
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< 44 B.E. | 46 B.E. >

Most of the Gregorian Calendar dates, A.H. 1166 (A.D. 1753) to 153 B.E (A.D. 1996), are from the original book, A Basic Bahá'í Chronology. From 153 B.E (A.D. 1996) to present the Gregorian Calendar dates are from A Basic Bahá'í Chronology online. The Hebrew, Islamic and Bahá'í dates were calculated by the ABG staff and may be subject to error, despite the great care that was taken. When the Gregorian date is "In the year", "c. Mar 1797", etc., we list the nearest approximate Hebrew, Islamic and Bahá'í dates.

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The dates in the left column do not always match the dates in the text. This is due to the plethora of calculations and calculators available. We use the calendar conversions from Calendar Home - Convert a date.
Continuous time periods, e.g., Monday thru Friday or June thru August, are annotated as Monday / Friday and June / August rather than Monday-Friday and June-August in all four calendars. This is to avoid confusion with Islamic days and months which contain a hyphen (or dash), e.g. Yawm ath-Thulatha', Jumadá al-akhirah.
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B.E. = Bahá'í Era - Badí / Bahá'í Calendar - Conversion from spreadsheet created by the webmaster - Download Spreadsheet
A.H. = Anno Hejirea - Latin: "In the year of the Hijra" - Muslim / Islamic Calendar.
A.D. = Anno Domini - Latin: "In the year of our Lord" - Christian / Julian Calendar.
A.M. = Anno Mundi - Latin: "In the year of the world"; Hebrew: "To the creation of the world" - Hebrew Calendar.

c. = circa - meaning: "Around, round about, about. The prep. is often used in Eng. with dates, as circa 1400 (c 1400)." (Oxford English Dictionary)
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