A Bahá'í Glossary
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Bahá'í Chronology - The Universal House of Justice - 131 B.E. (A.D. 1974-1975)
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< 130 B.E. | 132 B.E. >
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[ 39 Articles ]
• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 21 March A.D. 1974
• A.M.
In its Naw-Rúz Message the Universal House of Justice announced that there would be eight International Teaching Conferences will be held during the middle part of the Five Year Plan; two for the Arctic, one in Anchorage and one in Helsinki during July 1976, one in Paris in August 1976, one in Nairobi in October 1976, one in Hong Kong in November 1976, one in Auckland and one in Bahia, Brazil in January 1977 and one in Mérida, Mexico in February 1977. The theme of these conferences was the urgent need for the Bahá'ís to ARISE to teach the Cause of Bahá'u'lláh. (Arise-Reach-Individual-Souls-Everywhere). 14,500 Bahá'ís attended. [Naw-Rúz 1974.]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The Universal House of Justice launches the Five Year Plan (1974-1979). [BBD181; BBRSM159; BW16:107; VV17]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice setting out the broad objectives of the Plan see BW16:107–9.
  • For details of the national plans see BW16:111–29.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The National Spiritual Assembly of Hong Kong is formed. [BW16:251]
  • For picture see BW16:452.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The National Spiritual Assembly of Japan is formed with its seat in Tokyo. [BW16:233]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The National Spiritual Assembly of Morocco is formed.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The first local spiritual assembly of Kotzebue, an Iñupiat Eskimo community situated north of the Arctic Circle, is formed.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 23 April A.D. 1974
• A.M.
At the trial of nearly 50 Bahá'ís in Baghdád, the Iraqi military court sentences 13 men and one girl to life imprisonment, one man and two girls to 15 years' imprisonment, and two men and seven women to ten years' imprisonment; 13 Bahá'ís are fined and released. [BW16:138]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• c. May A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The first National Youth Conference of Burma takes place during the visit of Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih K̲h̲ánum. [BW16:251]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 20 May A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The Iraqi military court trying nearly 50 Bahá'ís hands down in absentia sentences of life imprisonment on ten Bahá'ís, two of whom are deceased and a number of whom are of other nationalities or Iraqis not resident in Iraq. [BW16:138]
  • In the weeks following, 24 Bahá'ís have their property confiscated, one Bahá'í is sentenced to ten years' imprisonment and another to 20 years. [BW16:138]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• June A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The first Alacalufe Indians to become Bahá'ís enrol in Puerto Eden, Chile. [BW16:215]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 13 July A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The dedication of the Bosch Bahá'í School north of Santa Cruz, California. (Bosch Bahá'í School site, Bahá'´News page 716]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 13 July A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The dedication of the John Bosch Bahá'í Summer School in Santa Cruz, California. [Bosch web site]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The first Bahá'í to settle on Christmas Island, Stanley Foo, arrives from Malaysia.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The first local spiritual assembly in Andorra is formed at Andorra la Vella.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 4 / 8 August A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The first International Youth Conference, the largest conference ever held in Hawaii to date, takes place in Hilo. [BW16:229]
  • For picture see BW16:232.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 11 / 18 August A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The first Teaching Conference of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Europe take place in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. [BW16:110]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 18 August A.D. 1974
• A.M.
Laura Clifford Dreyfus-Barney, compiler of Some Answered Questions, passes away in Paris. [BW16:296]
  • For her obituary see BW16:535–8.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 28 August / 2 September A.D. 1974
• A.M.
The conference held in St Louis, Missouri, to launch the Five Year Plan in the United States attracts some 10,000 Bahá'ís, the largest gathering of Bahá'ís to take place anywhere in the world to date. [BW16:203; VV40]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 11 September A.D. 1974
• A.M.
Annemarie Krüger, a German citizen and a granddaughter of Dr Auguste Forel, arrives in Moldavia (then the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, a part of USSR) on the first of her teaching trips to Chisinau as a tourist.
  • In 1985 she is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh by the Universal House of Justice, although she never lived in the country. [Candle9 28 July, 2008]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 25 October A.D. 1974
• A.M.
FUNDAEC (A Spanish acronym for Foundation for the Application and Teaching of the Sciences) is founded by a group of scientists and professionals led by Farzam Arbab, a renowned physicist who had arrived as a visiting professor to the University of Valle in 1970. The non-profit, non-governmental organization focuses on training and development in the rural areas of Colombia and other countries in Latin America. [FUNDAEC website]
  • They would go on to establish SAT (Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial) which expanded across Latin America to reach more than 300,000 students, and become accredited and recognized by a number of governments.
  • The Brookings Institution, a major think tank in the United States, described SAT as "catalyzing an education revolution" by "transforming how education is conceptualized, designed, and delivered." It does this by focusing on skills that are beyond the traditional academic skills, such as moral and character development, and it conceives of learning as something much broader. The philosophy is one of nurturing socially minded young people who can support and sustain development in their own communities. It bridges theory with practice by linking classroom work with practical projects, like encouraging students to learn mathematics and science in the context of growing vegetables or using their language abilities to start small study groups to promote literacy. One difference between SAT and other widely accepted classroom models is the concept of "tutors." Teachers working with SAT are referred to as tutors, and their role is defined as guiding and facilitating the learning process, rather than only imparting information. The lack of hierarchy is "an important distinction", wrote Brookings, "as it creates a culture of mutual respect and trust between tutors and students". [BWN1155]

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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
Owing to the continuing ban on Bahá'í activities and institutions, the national spiritual assembly and all local spiritual assemblies are disbanded in Indonesia.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The ban imposed on the Bahá'í Faith in Burundi in 1974 is lifted. [BW16:137]
  • Bahá'í activities continue to be restricted, particularly in provincial areas. [BW16:137]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The first international Quechua conference is held in Cusco, Peru, attended by Bahá'ís from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt decides that the 1960 decree of President Nasser banning all Bahá'í activities is constitutional and the application of the Bahá'ís for annulment of the decree is dismissed. [BW16:137]
  • Though nominally they have been guaranteed equal rights and religious freedoms under the 1971 Constitution, Bahá'ís, in practice, have retained a secondary legal status due to ongoing religious discrimination. Issues pertaining to personal status in Egypt are informed by religious rather than civil law and recognition pertains only to Islam, Christianity and Judaism. Aspects of religious life such as marriage, divorce and family relationships are not recognized by the state.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Fiji is established.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Australia is established.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
Following the creation of the Rastákhíz political party by the Sháh of Iran and the refusal of the Bahá'ís to join it, although membership in it is compulsory, Bahá'ís throughout Iran are put under pressure. [BW18:391]
  • Many Bahá'ís lose their jobs. [BW18:391]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
In Indonesia several Bahá'ís are arrested, given light sentences and released for violating the 1962 and 1972 bans on Bahá'í activity. [BW19:41]
  • A few months later four Bahá'ís are sentenced to five years' imprisonment; they remain in prison for the full five years. [BW19:41]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The first Bahá'í summer school to be held in Antigua takes place. [BW16:187]
  • For picture see BW16:188.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1975
• A.M.
A Bahá'í is arrested in Iraq and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. [BW16:138]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 1 Januarary A.D. 1975
• A.M.
Shidan and Susan Kouchekzadeh, an Iranian-British couple pioneering in Sierra Leone, arrive in Conakry, the first Bahá'ís to settle in Guinea.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 2 / 4 January A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The first annual meeting of the Association for Bahá'í Studies is held at Cedar Glen, Bolton, Ontario. [BW17:198]
  • See also BBD201–2; VV23–5.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 14 January A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The house of ‘Abdu'lláh Páshá is purchased after lengthy and delicate negotiations. [BBD108; BW16:103, 133; BW17:82; DH73; VV39]
  • For a history of the house see BW16:103–6.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The first National Teaching Conference in Sierra Leone takes place in Bo. [BW16:172]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The first Bahá'í Women's Conference of the Solomon Islands takes place at Auki, Malaita Island, attended by more than 90 women. [BW16:282]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• Februaary A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The Arab Boycott Office, at its meeting in Cairo, announces that the Bahá'í Faith has been placed on its blacklist. [BW16:136; BW17:78]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• February / August A.D. 1975
• A.M.
Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih K̲h̲ánum sets out on the Green Light Expedition to visit the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Basin in South America. [VV30–2]
  • For a pictorial description of the expedition see BW16:419–48.
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• 5 February A.D. 1975
• A.M.
A strip of land facing the resting place of Shoghi Effendi is bought by the Universal House of Justice to ensure protection of the site. [BW16:134; BW17:82; VV22]
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• 131 B.E.
• A.H.
• March A.D. 1975
• A.M.
The only Bahá'í to visit the continent in the 1970s, John R. Peiniger, an Australian, is stationed in Antarctica for a brief time.
 
[ABBC Online] [ABBC #]
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< 130 B.E. | 132 B.E. >
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Most of the Gregorian Calendar dates, A.H. 1166 (A.D. 1753) to 153 B.E (A.D. 1996), are from the original book, A Basic Bahá'í Chronology. From 153 B.E (A.D. 1996) to present the Gregorian Calendar dates are from A Basic Bahá'í Chronology online. The Hebrew, Islamic and Bahá'í dates were calculated by the ABG staff and may be subject to error, despite the great care that was taken. When the Gregorian date is "In the year", "c. Mar 1797", etc., we list the nearest approximate Hebrew, Islamic and Bahá'í dates.
 
Notes:
  • The dates in the left column do not always match the dates in the text. This is due to the plethora of calculations and calculators available. We use the calendar conversions from Calendar Home - Convert a date.
  • Continuous time periods, e.g., Monday thru Friday or June thru August, are annotated as Monday / Friday and June / August rather than Monday-Friday and June-August in all four calendars. This is to avoid confusion with Islamic days and months which contain a hyphen (or dash), e.g. Yawm ath-Thulatha', Jumadá al-akhirah.
  • Date Format = Day of the Week Name, Day of the Month Number, Month Name, Year Number -
  • c. = circa - meaning: "Around, round about, about. The prep. is often used in Eng. with dates, as circa 1400 (c 1400)." (Oxford English Dictionary)
  • Items with a greenish background are publications 
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© 156 - 181 B.E. (A.H. 1419 - 1445; A.D. 1999 - 2024; A.M. 5759 - 5784)
A Bahá'í Glossary
 
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