A Bahá'í Glossary
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Bahá'í Chronology - The Guradianship - 110 B.E. (A.D. 1953-1954)
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< 109 B.E. | 111 B.E. >
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[ 180 Articles ]
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 25 March A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Enayat Sohaili, an Iranian, arrives in Mozambique from India, the first Bahá'í pioneer to the country. [BW13:290]
  • He is imprisoned and deported in June 1953. [BW13:290]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• April A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The first local spiritual assembly in Finland is established in Helsinki.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 19 April A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Shoghi Effendi announces plans to build a House of Worship in Frankfurt. [BW13:733; LDG191–2]
  • For the difficulties in pursuing the project see BW13:733–7.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963) is launched. See MBW151-156, MBW151 Also see Ali Nakhjavani's paper for The 22nd Ḥasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lecture entitled The Ten Year Crusade.

The four primary goals of the plan were outlined as follows:

  • the development of institutions at the World Centre
  • consolidation of the twelve countries where the Faith was well established
  • consolidation of all other territories already open
  • the opening of the remaining "chief virgin territories" around the globe (131)

"…Sometimes people strive all their lives to render outstanding service. Here is the time and opportunity to render historic services; in fact the most unique in history, aiding in the fulfillment of Daniel's Prophecies of the Last Day, and the 1335 days, when men are to be blessed by the Glory of the Lord, covering the entire globe—which is the real goal of the Ten Year Crusade. [DG54-55]

To those Bahá'ís who arose to open new territories to the Faith during the Ten Year Crusade, the title 'Knight of Bahá'u'lláh' was given. In 1992, the Roll of Honour containing the names of all the Knights of Bahá'u'lláh was deposited beneath the entrance door to the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh.

A map of goals for the Ten Year World Crusade by Shoghi Effendi can be found in Bahá'í World, Vol. 12 (April 1950-1954). Electronic versions, in both medium and large format can be found here.

The achievements of the Ten Year Crusade were celebrated at the Most Great Jubilee in April and May 1963, which commemorated the Centenary of the Declaration of Baha'u'llah's Mission. Two historic events transpired during that time: the International Convention, convened in Haifa, Israel, to elect the first Universal House of Justice; and the World Congress held in London, England.

  • See The Journal of Bahá'í Studies Vol 14, no. 3-4, 2004 for the essay The Ten Year Crusadeby Ali Nakhjavani.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Mrs Meherangiz Munsiff, the wife of an Indian diplomat in London, arrives in Madagascar and is acknowledged as the first Bahá'í in the country. [news.bahai.org/story/288]
  • There was one other Bahá'í in Madagascar before Mrs Munsiff but he was not a Bahá'í in good standing.
  • Suffering ill health, Mrs. Munsiff left in January 1954 a day after Danile Randrianarivo, 29, accepted the Faith, becoming the first Malagasy Baha'i.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The first local spiritual assembly in Kenya is established in Nairobi.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The National Spiritual Assembly of Italy and Switzerland is established.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• Riḍván A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Bahjí is lit for the first time by 99 four-branched wrought iron lamp posts. [GBF32; PP89–90]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• April A.D. 1953
• A.M.
In a moving ceremony, Shoghi Effendi places a silver box containing a fragment of plaster from the ceiling of the Báb's cell in Máh-Kú under a tile in the golden dome of the Shrine of the Báb. [BW12:239; ZK285]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 2 April / May A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The All-American Jubilee celebrations begin. [BW12:149]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• May A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Mary and Reginald (Rex) Collison, an elderly Canadian-American couple, arrive in Ruanda-Urundi (Burundi) from Uganda and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
  • For the story of Mary Collison's life see BW15:486–8.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 1 May A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The House of Worship in Wilmette is consecrated in a simple ceremony for Bahá'ís only. [BW12:143, 152; ZK93]
  • For details of the dedication see BW12:152–4.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 2 May A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The House of Worship in Wilmette is dedicated in a public ceremony. [BW12:142, BWNS218]
  • For the text of the Guardian's message of dedication see BW12:141–2.
  • For an account of the event see BW12:154–63.
  • Towards the end of his life in Tehran, Ahmad (of "Tablet of Ahmad" fame) had entrusted the original Tablet to his grandson Jamal who in turn, out of the purity of his heart and his devotion to the Faith of God offered it as a gift to Hand of the Cause, Trustee of Huqúq, the son and brother of two illustrious martyrs, Jinab-i-Valiyu'llah Varqá. When Jinab-i-Varqa, according to the instructions of the beloved Guardian, was sent to take part in this dedication ceremony he brought this most precious Tablet as his offering to the archives of the Bahá'ís of the United States. [A Flame of Fire by A.Q. Faizi.]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 3 / 6 May May A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The All-America Intercontinental Teaching Conference is held in Chicago. [BW12:133]
  • For the texts of Shoghi Effendi's messages to the conference see BW12:133–41 and MBW142–6.
  • Twelve Hands of the Cause are present. [BW12:143]
  • At the conference, five members of the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States resign from that body in order to go pioneering: Elsie Austin, Dorothy Baker, Matthew Bullock, Mamie Seto and Dr William Kenneth Christian. [ZK102]
  • Extract from the cecond message to All-American Intercontinental Conference from Shoghi Effendi... [MBW150]
    ".....the lands contributed in Latin America for a similar purpose approximate one-half of a million square meters, ninety thousand of which have been set aside near Santiago, Chile, for the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of South America.".
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 28 May A.D. 1953
• A.M.
In a message addressed on the eve of the 61st anniversary of the passing of Bahá'u'lláh, at the opening of the Ten Year Crusade, Shoghi Effendi encouraged 70 pioneers to arise to fill the goals promising that a Roll of Honour with their names would be deposited at the entrance door of the inner Sanctuary of the Tomb of Bahá'u'lláh. [MBW48-49]
  • He further elaborated in a message addressed to the National Spiritual Assembly of Canada. See the message of the 8 June 1953. [MtC177]
  • See 1992 28 May.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• June A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Ghulám ‘Alí Kurlawala arrives in Daman and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• June A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Dunduzu Chisiza, a Nyasaland student who has recently become a Bahá'í in Uganda, arrives in Ruanda-Urundi (Burundi) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• June A.D. 1953
• A.M.
‘Izzatu'lláh Zahrá'í (Ezzat Zahrai) arrives in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:456]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• June A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Shoghi Effendi designates the Maxwell home in Montreal as a Shrine. [MtC179]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• July A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Rawshan Áftábí and Fírúzih Yigánigi arrive in Goa and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• July A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Arthur and Ethel Crane arrive in Key West and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW16:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• July A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Sa‘íd Nahví arrives in Pondicherry and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• July A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Jack Huffman and Rose Perkal arrive on the Kodiak Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• July A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Jenabe and Elaine Caldwell arrive in the Aleutian Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 21 / 26 July A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The European Intercontinental Teaching Conference is held in Stockholm. [BW12:167]
  • For Shoghi Effendi's message to the conference see BW12:167–71.
  • For a report of the conference see BW12:171–8.
  • Fourteen Hands of the Cause are present. [BW12:171]
  • 374 Bahá'ís from 30 countries attend, of these 110 come from the ten goal countries. [BW12:171]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 27 July A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Siegfried (Fred) Schopflocher, Hand of the Cause of God, passes away in Montreal and is buried beside the grave of Sutherland Maxwell in Mount Royal Cemetery. He was born in Germany in 1877. [BW12:664-666, LOF390, TG119, CBNS 24 July 2014, Bahá'í Chronicles, SCRIBD, Schopflocher, Siegfried (1877–1953) by Will C. van den Hoonaard]
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the second contingent on the 29th of February, 1952. [MoCxxiii]
  • See TG32, 228 for a short biography.
  • See Schopflocher, Siegfried by Will C. van den Hoonaard.
  • For his obituary see BW12:664–6.
  • He was known as the "Temple Builder" because of his great contributions to the completion of the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the West. [BW12:664-666]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
‘Abbás Vakíl arrives in Cyprus and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Shiyam Behari arrives in Pondicherry and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Amír Húshmand Manúchihrí arrives in Liechtenstein and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Salísa Kirmání and Shírín Núrání arrive in Karikal and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Amín and Sheila Banání, a Persian-American couple, settle in Athens-Kifissia in August 1953 and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Greece. [BW452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Eskil Ljungberg of Sweden, aged 67, arrives in the Faroe Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451]
  • He is the only Bahá'í on the islands for over a decade.
  • For the story of his life see BW19:658–61.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Edythe MacArthur arrives in the Queen Charlotte Islands (now Haida Gwaii) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Udai Narain Singh arrives in Sikkim and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455; PH63]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 2 August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Fred Schechter, an American, arrives in Djibouti and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for French Somaliland. [BW13:451]
  • Mr Schechter went on to pioneer to several Latin American countries, he spent thirteen year on the Continental Board of Councillors for the Americas and served on the International Teaching Centre. He passed away on 27 January 2017 in California, U.S.A. He was 89 years old. [BWNS1149]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 11 August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Virginia Orbison arrives in the Balearic Islands from a pioneer post in Spain and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the Balearic Islands. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• Istijlál 13 Kamál 110 B.E.
• Yawm al-Khamīs 2 Dhū al-Ḥijjah 
    A.H. 1372
• Thursday 13 August A.D. 1953
• Yom Chamishi 2 Elul  A.M. 5713
Birth of the webmaster of this site.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 26 August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Ella Bailey passes away in Tripoli. [BW12:687]
  • She is 88 years old.
  • She is elevated to the rank of the martyrs. [MBW170]
  • For the story of her life see PSBW131–42.
  • For her obituary see BW12:685–8.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 28 August A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Mildred Clark, a pioneer in Norway, and Loyce Lawrence (née Drugan), a nurse and hospital matron, arrive in the Lofoten Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
  • Mrs Lawrence begins teaching the Saami.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Brigitte Hasselblatt arrives in Shetland and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Ada Schott, Elizabeth Hopper, Sara Kenny and Ella Duffield arrive in the Madeira Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Enayat Sohaili in Nyasaland (now known as Malawi) [BWNS240]Kathleen Weston arrives in the Magdalen Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Nellie French arrives in Monaco and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Julius Edwards arrives in the Northern Territories Protectorate and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Doris Richardson arrives on Grand Manan Island and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Brigitte Lundblade (nee Hasselblatt), (b. 1923 - d. 17 May 2008) arrived in the Shetland Islands and was later honoured with being named as Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [Bahaikipedia]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Cora Oliver arrives in British Honduras (Belize) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Helen Robinson arrives on Baranof Island and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Dick Stanton arrives in Keewatin and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Howard Snider arrives in Key West and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Diá'i'lláh Asgharzádih and Evelyn Baxter arrive in the Channel Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Elsa Grossman arrives in the Frisian Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Hugh McKinley and his mother, Violet, arrive in Cyprus and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 8 September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Jameson and Gale Bond arrive in Arctic Bay in the District of Franklin and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451, SDSC127]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 9 September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
José (d. 1985) and Hilda (née Summers) Xavier Rodrigues, a Portuguese-English couple, arrive in Bissau from Portugal as the first Bahá'í pioneers to Portuguese Guinea (Guinea Bissau) and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 18 September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Dwight and Carole Allen arrive in Athens and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Greece. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 19 September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Mr. Max Kanyerezi in Middle Congo (now called Republic of Congo) [BWNS246]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 23 September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Ted and Joan Anderson arrive in Whitehorse, Canada, and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for the Yukon. [BW13:457]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 26 September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The martyrdom of Rahmán Kulayní Mamaqání. He was stabbed by a ruffian in a mob. [BW12p710-711]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 27 September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Tábandih Paymán arrives in San Marino and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh in November. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 30 September A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Manúchihr Hizárí and Hurmuz Zindih arrive in Tangier and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Morocco (International Zone). [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Emma Rice, followed one week later by Knights Stanley and Florence Bagley and their three teenage children, Susan, Gerrold and Carol in Palermo, Sicily. [BWNS254]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Lionel Peraji arrives in Mahé and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Charles Dunning arrives in the Orkney Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
  • In probably it was October of 1954 Harold and Marzieh Gail depart from St Matthew's Quay in Aberdeen destined to pay a visit to Charles Dunning in Kirkwall. On the island the diminutive Charles Dunning is referred to as "a wee chappie". [OPOP55-59]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Geraldine Craney arrives in the Hebrides and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Marie Ciocca arrives on Sardinia and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Earle Render arrives in the Leeward Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Salvador and Adela Tormo arrive on the Juan Fernandez Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Zunilda de Palacios arrives on Chiloé Island and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Elly Becking arrives in Dutch New Guinea and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Gertrud Ankersmidt and Ursula von Brunn arrive in the Frisian Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Frederick and Jean Allen and Irving and Grace Geary arrive on Cape Breton Island and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Richard and Lois Nolen arrive in the Azores and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13p44g]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Shirley Warde arrives in British Honduras (Belize) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Dr Malcolm King, an American pioneer in Jamaica, arrives in British Guiana and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Rolf Haug settles in Crete and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for that island. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Albert Nyarko Buapiah becomes a Bahá'í in Ghana, the first Ghanaian to become a Bahá'í in the country.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Muḥammad Mustafá Sulaymán, an Egyptian, arrives in Spanish Sahara (Western Sahara) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. BW13:456]
  • For the story of his life see BW18:768–71.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Max Kanyerezi, a Ugandan, is brought to Brazzaville by Violette and ‘Alí Nakhjavání and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for French Equatorial Africa. [BW13:451]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
‘Amín Battáh, an Egyptian, arrives in Río de Oro (Western Sahara) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Bertha Dobbins arrives in Port Vila on the island of Efate from Adelaide, Australia, and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the New Hebrides Islands (Vanuatu). [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Jean and Tove Deleuran arrive in the Balearic Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh in December. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Mrs (Alexandra) Ola Pawlowska arrives in St Pierre and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for Miquelon Island and St Pierre Island. [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Gail and Gerald Curwin and Maurice and Ethel Holmes arrive in Nassau and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for the Bahama Islands. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Claire Gung arrives in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Edmund (‘Ted') Cardell arrives in Windhoek and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for South West Africa (Namibia). [BW13:456]
  • He is later joined by his wife Alicia and the first German Bahá'ís to pioneer to Africa, Martin and Gerda Aiff and their children.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The superstructure of the Shrine of the Báb is completed. [BBD210; CB324–5; PP235; ZK85–6]
  • Marble for the Shrine of the Báb came from Chiampo, Italy as did marble for the Archives Building, the Resting Place of Shoghi Effendi, the Seat of the Universal House of Justice, the Terraces Project, the Monument Gardens and the Houses of Worship in India and Samoa. [BWNS1223]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 7 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
William Danjon Dieudonné arrives in Andorra and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW12:449]
  • He continues to live in the country.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 7 / 15 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The Asian Intercontinental Teaching Conference is held in New Delhi. [BW12:178]
  • For Shoghi Effendi's message to the conference see BW12:178–81.
  • For a report of the conference see BW12:181–8.
  • This is the first international Bahá'í gathering ever to be held in the East. [BW12:181; SBR171]
  • It is attended by 489 Bahá'ís representing 31 countries. [BW 12:181]
  • The design for the International Bahá'í Archives is revealed to the Bahá'ís of the world for the first time at this conference. [DH168]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 11 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Fawzí Zaynu'l-‘Ábidín and his wife, Bahíyyih ‘Alí Sa‘di'd-Dín, and their sons Kamál and Sharíf arrive in Tetuán from Egypt and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Spanish Morocco. [BW13:456]
  • For the story of Fawzí Zaynu'l-‘Ábidín's life see BW16:544–6.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 13 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Una Townshend arrives in Malta and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:454, BWNS234]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 13 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Esther Evans and Lillian Middlemast arrive in Castries, St Lucia, and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for the Windward Islands. BW13:457]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 13 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Frederick and Elizabeth Laws arrive in Basutoland (Lesotho) and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449, news.bahai.org/story/262 ]
  • For the story of the life of Elizabeth Laws see BW17:459–60.
  • Chadwick Mohapi and his wife become the first Bahá'ís in Basutoland (Lesotho). [TG166]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 14 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Frederick and Elizabeth Laws arrive in Basutoland (Lesotho) and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449, news.bahai.org/story/262 ]
  • For the story of the life of Elizabeth Laws see BW17:459–60.
  • Chadwick Mohapi and his wife become the first Bahá'ís in Basutoland (Lesotho). [TG166]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 14 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Gertrude Eisenberg arrives in Las Palmas and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the Canary Islands. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 14 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Robert and Elinor Wolff arrive in Dutch Guiana and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 14 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Edith M. Danielsen arrives on Aitutaki Island, 150 miles north of Rarotonga, before leaving for Avarua, Rarotonga, five days later and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the Cook Islands. [BW13:450]
  • For the story of her life see BW19:625–6
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Enoch Olinga arrives in Victoria (Limbé) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the British Cameroons. [BW13:449]
  • The first Cameroonian to become a Bahá'í in British Cameroon is a youth, Jacob Tabot Awo.
  • The first Cameroonian adult to become a Bahá'í is Enoch Ngompek of the Bassa tribe.
  • The first Cameroonian woman to become a Bahá'í is Esther Obeu, the wife of David Tanyi.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 15 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Eberhard Friedland arrives in French Guiana from the United States and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 16 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Benjamin Dunham Weeden and his wife Gladys (née Anderson) arrive in Antigua and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for the Leeward Islands. [BW13:453]
  • For the story of Ben Weeden's life see BW15:478–9.
  • For the story of Gladys Weeden's life see BW18:692–6.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 17 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Bertha Dobbins in Vanuatu. [BWNS256]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 18 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
George and Marguerite (Peggy) True arrive on Tenerif with their 12-year-old son Barry and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for the Canary Islands. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 20 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Frances Heller arrives in Macau and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the island. [BW13:453; PH73]
  • She is the first Knight of Bahá'u'lláh to settle in Chinese territory.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 24 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Elsie Austin arrives in Tangier from the United States and Muḥammad-‘Alí Jalálí, an Iranian, also arrives. They are both named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Morocco (International Zone). [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 24 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Luella McKay, John and Erleta Fleming, and Alyce Janssen arrive in Spanish Morocco and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:456]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 29 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Opal Jensen arrives on Réunion Island from the United States and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
  • She is later declared a Covenant-breaker.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 29 October A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Gladys (‘Glad') Irene Parke and Gretta Stevens Lamprill arrive in Papeete from Australia and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for the Society Islands, French Polynesia. [BW13:455]
  • For the story of Gladys Parke's life see BW15:457–8.
  • For the story of Gretta Lamprill's life see BW15:534–5.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Mary Olga Katherine Mills (née Bieymann) arrives in Malta and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Kamil Abbas in the Seychelles. [BWNS272]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Samíra Vakíl arrives in Cyprus and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Dr Mihdí Samandarí arrives in Italian Somaliland and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
  • His wife Ursula (née Newman) arrives in 1954 and is also named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Labíb Isfahání arrives in Dakar from Egypt and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for French West Africa. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Dr Khodadad M. Fozdar, an Indian of Parsi background, arrives in the Andaman Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
  • For the story of his life see BW13:892–3.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Ḥusayn Rawhání Ardikání and his wife, Nusrat, arrive in Tangier with their daughter, Shahlá, and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Morocco (International Zone). [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
‘Alí Akbar Rafí‘í (Rafsanjání) and his wife, Sháyistih, and their 19-year-old son, ‘Abbás, arrive in Tangier and all are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Morocco (International Zone). [BW13:454]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Matthew W. Bullock of Boston, Massachusetts, arrives in the Dutch West Indies and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 11 November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Shoghi Effendi announces the settling of a further contingent of Knights of Bahá'u'lláh in 21 virgin areas, bringing the number of territories open to the Faith to 200. [MBW52–3]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 11 November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Ottilie Rhein (1903-79), an American of German origin, arrives in Mauritius and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the island. [BW13:454]
  • For the story of her life see BW18:703–5.
  • On her first expedition to provide necessities for living, she met the proprietor of a shop, Mr. Yim Lim, who became the first resident of the country to join the Faith. [BWNS274]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 13 November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Kámil ‘Abbás arrives in the Seychelles from Iraq and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
  • For the story of his life see BW18:722–3.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 20 November A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The formation of the Israel Branch of the Bahá'ís of Canada.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• Late in the year A.D. 1953
• A.M.
‘Abdu'l-Karím Amín Khawja becomes a Bahá'í in Algeria, the first person to accept the Faith in that country.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• December A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Kay Khusraw Dahamobedi, Bahíyyih Rawhání and Gulbár Áftábí arrive on Diu Island and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• December A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Adíb Baghdádí arrives in Hadhramaut and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• December A.D. 1953
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Labib Iṣfáhání in Senegal. He was followed by his brother Habib Iṣfáhání in April of 1954 who also received the honour. [BWNS283]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 7 December A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Jalál Kházeh is appointed a Hand of the Cause of God after the passing of Hand of the Cause of God Siegfried Schopflocher. [GBF111–12; MBW55]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 8 December A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Loretta and Carl Scherer arrive in Macau from Milwaukee and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for that island. [BW13:453; PH73]
  • For the stories of their lives see BW18:738–40.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 13 December A.D. 1953
• A.M.
A separate department for the Bahá'í Faith is established by the Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs. [GBF137; PP 291; PP320]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 19 December A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Yan Kee Leong becomes a Bahá'í, the first person to accept the Faith in Malaya.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 27 December A.D. 1953
• A.M.
Gilbert and Daisy Robert, a French couple, become Bahá'ís in Madagascar, the first people to accept the Faith in the country.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The first native Fijian, the first Pygmy, the first Berber and the first Greenlander to accept the Bahá'í Faith enrol. [MBW262]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The first Tlinget from Alaska to become a Bahá'í, Eugene King, enrols.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The first person to become a Bahá'í in the Balearic Islands, C. Miguel, enrols.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
‘Aynu'd-Dín and Ṭáhirih ‘Alá'í arrive in Southern Rhodesia and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:456]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Grace Bahovec arrives in the Baranof Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Mr and Mrs Sandikonda, Eliam Chisengalumbwe, Mr Musonda, Peter Chitindi and Elias Kanayenda become Bahá'ís, the first African Bahá'ís to enrol in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). BANANI BULLETIN, 1 AUG 1954]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
José Mingorance Fernandez and his wife, Carmen Tost, a Spanish couple, accept the Bahá'í Faith, the first to enrol in Andorra.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Mehraban Isfandiar Sohaili arrives on Mayotte and stays for two months, the first Bahá'í to visit the island.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The purchase of the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Istanbul is concluded. [SS38]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Elise Schreiber (later Lynelle) arrives on St Thomas Island and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:456]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• c. A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Khodadad Irani settles in Zanzibar, the first Bahá'í to do so.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Shirin Fozdar arrives in Saigon, the first pioneer to Vietnam.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The arrival in Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) of Knights of Bahá'u'lláh Izzat'u'llah Zahrai, Douglas Kadenhe, Nura Faridian (now Steiner), Enayat and Iran Sohaili, Shidan Fat'he-Aazam (later member of the Continental Board of Counsellors for Africa) and his wife Florence. [BWNS275]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Violet Noehnke on the Admiralty Islands, now Manus Province in Papua New Guinea. [BWNS307, BWNS312]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Dulcie Dive in the Cook Islands. [BWNS265]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Ted Cardell in South West Africa (now called Namibia). [BWNS280]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Jean Sevin arrives in Tuamotu Archipelago and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:457]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Charles M. Ioas arrives in the Balearic Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Abdu'l Rahman Zarqani, in the Seychelles. [BWNS272]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Munír Vakíl, a former general in the Iraqi army, settles on one of the Kuria-Muria Islands in the Arabian Sea and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
  • For the story of the hardships of his pioneering post see ZK99–101.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Elizabeth Bevan (later Mrs Golmohammed) arrives in Rhodes and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Virginia Breaks arrives on the island of Truk and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the Caroline Islands. [BW13:450; MBW57]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Kenneth and Roberta Christian arrive in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:456]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Andrew and Nina Matthisen arrive in the Bahamas and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
John and Audrey Robarts with their two younger children, Patrick and Tina, leave Toronto for their pioneer post in Mafeking (later Mafikeng), Buchuanaland (later Botswana and formerly Bophuthatswana). Older children Aldham and Gerald pioneered to Nigeria and a homefront post respectively. [LOF485-6]
  • Later the same year he is appointed to the newly established Auxiliary Board by Hand of the Cause of God Músá Banání. They would return to Canada some 13 years later. [LOF486, 491]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 3 January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Howard and Joanne Menking arrive in the Cape Verde Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:450]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 10 January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Dorothy Baker, (b.21 December, 1898) Hand of the Cause of God, dies in a plane crash in the Mediterranean Sea, near the island of Elba. [BW12:670]
  • For the Guardian's cable see BW12:670, CF161.
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed her among the first contingent on the 24th of December, 1951. [MoCxxiii]
  • For her obituary see BW12:670–4.
  • See also Freeman, From Copper To Gold.
  • See TG229 for a short story about her and a comment from her on the Long Obligatory Prayer.
  • See Remembering Dorthy Baker at Bahá'í Blog.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 14 January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Lilian E. Wyss arrives in Apia from Australia and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the Samoa Islands. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 15 January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
‘Abdu'l-Rahmán Zarqání, from India, arrives in the Seychelles and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 18 January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Mrs Dulcie Burns Dive arrives in the Cook Islands from Australia and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:450, 925]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 25 January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Dr. Stanley Bolton in Tonga. [BWNS286]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 25 January A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Stanley P. Bolton, Jr. arrives in Nuku'alofa, on Tongatapu Island, from Australia and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for Tonga Islands. [BW13:456]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• February A.H.
• A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Rahmatu'lláh and Írán Muhájir arrive in Mentawai Islands and are named Knights of Bahá'u‘lláh. [BW13:454]
  • For the story of their pioneering activity see Muhájir, Dr Muhajir, Hand of the Cause of God, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
‘Azízu'lláh and Shamsí Navídí arrive in Monaco and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Joan Powis arrives in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:456]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Bernard H. Guhrke arrives on the Kodiak Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Gail Avery arrives in the Baranof Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
John and Audrey Robarts and their son Patrick and young daughter Tina arrive in Mafikeng and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Bechuanaland (Botswana). [BW13:449]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
David Schreiber, an American, arrives in Antigua and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the Leeward Islands. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Faríburz Rúzbihyán (Feriborz Roozbehyan) arrives in The Gambia and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Ḥusayn Halabi arrives in Hadhramaut and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
John Leonard arrives in the Falkland Islands and is named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Charles Duncan (a musician) and Harry Clark, both Americans, arrive in Brunei from Kota Kinabalu (Jesselton) in Sabah, where they have been waiting for several weeks, and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:451; PH63]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• February A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Charles (‘Chuck') and Mary Dayton from the United States, settle in Charlotte Amalie, on St Thomas, and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for the Leeward Islands. [BW13:453]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• March A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Qudratu'lláh Rawhání and Khudárahm Muzhgání arrive in Mahé and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:454]
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• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• March A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Olivia Kelsey and Florence Ullrich arrive in Monaco and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:454]
  • See Bahá'í Chronicles for the story of the life of Florence Maria Ullrich Kelley (b. November 3, 1932 d. February 17, 2016)
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• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 1 March A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The arrival of Knights of Bahá'u'lláh Alvin and Gertrude Blum in the Solomon Islands. [BWNS291]
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• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 1 March A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Alvin J. Blum and his wife, Gertrude (née Gewertz), arrive in Honiara and are named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for the Solomon Islands. They are accompanied by their eight-year-old daughter Keithie. [BW13:456]
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 1 March A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Shirin Fozdar visits Cambodia to receive the first medallion and Certificate of Satrei Vatthana (Champion of Women) from His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk. She is the first Bahá'í to enter the country.
  • She is not able to teach the Faith openly but she does speak about it to the king's parents.
__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 4 March A.D. 1954
• A.M.
The arrival of Knights of Bahá'u'lláh Elena (Marsella) and Roy Fernie in Kiribati. [BWNS301, BW13:452]

They had left their home in Panama and their service on the National Spiritual Assembly of Panama to pioneer. They arrived on the island of Abaiang (aka Charlotte Island, of the Gilbert Islands), on March 4, 1954 and for this service they were named Knights of Baha'u'llah. About the first of June 1954, former Catholic seminarian and mission teacher Peter Kanere Koru became the first convert on the island.

Their teaching work brought opposition from the Roman Catholic priest who told his congregation not to attend the Bahá'í meetings. He began to criticize them in the Roman Catholic newsletter and actually contributed to the knowledge of the Faith because the newsletter had a wide distribution.

The priest persisted in his opposition by informing his bishop who asked the government to send the Fernies away and to send Peter Kanere back to his native island of Tabiteuea. At the time, to be a registered religious organization required a membership of at least 100 believers so the government approved sending the Fernies away however, in a single night some 300 people registered. A certificate of registration was issued on the 24th of September, 1955, but not before they managed to send Roy Fernie away. Elena continued the teaching work on her own and was responsible for firmly establishing the Faith on Abaiang.

Meanwhile, Peter Kanere, back on his home island, managed to teach a Protestant minister who was under discipline of his church at the time. Together they spread the Faith on Tabiteuea. [Island Churches: Challenge and Change by Makisi Finau page 101]

__________ __________
• 110 B.E.
• A.H.
• 19 March A.D. 1954
• A.M.
Paul Haney is appointed Hand of the Cause of God following the death of Hand of the Cause of God Dorothy Baker. [GBF111; MBW57]
 
[ABBC Online] [ABBC #]
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< 109 B.E. | 111 B.E. >
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Most of the Gregorian Calendar dates, A.H. 1166 (A.D. 1753) to 153 B.E (A.D. 1996), are from the original book, A Basic Bahá'í Chronology. From 153 B.E (A.D. 1996) to present the Gregorian Calendar dates are from A Basic Bahá'í Chronology online. The Hebrew, Islamic and Bahá'í dates were calculated by the ABG staff and may be subject to error, despite the great care that was taken. When the Gregorian date is "In the year", "c. Mar 1797", etc., we list the nearest approximate Hebrew, Islamic and Bahá'í dates.
 
Notes:
  • The dates in the left column do not always match the dates in the text. This is due to the plethora of calculations and calculators available. We use the calendar conversions from Calendar Home - Convert a date.
  • Continuous time periods, e.g., Monday thru Friday or June thru August, are annotated as Monday / Friday and June / August rather than Monday-Friday and June-August in all four calendars. This is to avoid confusion with Islamic days and months which contain a hyphen (or dash), e.g. Yawm ath-Thulatha', Jumadá al-akhirah.
  • Date Format = Day of the Week Name, Day of the Month Number, Month Name, Year Number -
  • c. = circa - meaning: "Around, round about, about. The prep. is often used in Eng. with dates, as circa 1400 (c 1400)." (Oxford English Dictionary)
  • Items with a greenish background are publications 
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